Who Was Alive
E. E. Cummings
New York World-Telegram and the Sun staff photographer: Albertin, Walter, photographer., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

E. E. Cummings

American novelist

Born 14 October 1894 · died 3 September 1962, aged 67
Also known as Edward Estlin Cummings, e e cummings, Edward Eatlin Cummings

Who was alive at the same time as E. E. Cummings?

  1. Leo Tolstoy, 1828 – 1910
  2. Mark Twain, 1835 – 1910
  3. Friedrich Nietzsche, 1844 – 1900
  4. Thomas Edison, 1847 – 1931
  5. Sigmund Freud, 1856 – 1939
  6. Mahatma Gandhi, 1869 – 1948
  7. Vladimir Lenin, 1870 – 1924
  8. Winston Churchill, 1874 – 1965
  9. Joseph Stalin, 1878 – 1953
  10. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, c. 1880 – 1938
  11. Albert Einstein, 1879 – 1955
  12. Pablo Picasso, 1881 – 1973
  13. Charlie Chaplin, 1889 – 1977
  14. Adolf Hitler, 1889 – 1945
  15. E. E. Cummings, 1894 – 1962
  16. Ronald Reagan, 1911 – 2004
  17. Nelson Mandela, 1918 – 2013
  18. Elizabeth II, 1926 – 2022
  19. Joe Biden, born 1942
  20. Donald Trump, born 1946
  21. George W. Bush, born 1946
  22. Vladimir Putin, born 1952
  23. Michael Jackson, 1958 – 2009
  24. Barack Obama, born 1961

Drag across the timeline, or use the arrow keys, to see who was alive in any year and the age each person reached that year. Dashed lines mark world events. Faded ends mark uncertain dates.

When E. E. Cummings was born, Adolf Hitler was 5, Albert Einstein was 15, Vladimir Lenin was 24, Mahatma Gandhi was 25 and Leo Tolstoy was 66.

When E. E. Cummings died, Barack Obama was 1, Donald Trump was 16, Michael Jackson was 4, Vladimir Putin was 9 and Ronald Reagan was 51.

Born during E. E. Cummings’s lifetime: Barack Obama, Donald Trump, Michael Jackson, Vladimir Putin, Ronald Reagan, Nelson Mandela, George W. Bush and Joe Biden.

Not quite contemporaries: Karl Marx died about 11 years before E. E. Cummings was born, Charles Darwin died about 12 years before E. E. Cummings was born, Victor Hugo died about 9 years before E. E. Cummings was born and Vincent van Gogh died about 4 years before E. E. Cummings was born.

What happened in E. E. Cummings’s lifetime

Where E. E. Cummings’s contemporaries were born

E. E. Cummings is labelled; the others are the best-known people we track who lived at the same time. Each dot is a birthplace from Wikidata (79 of 81 placed); tap one to open that person.
Birthplaces as a list

Compare E. E. Cummings

The 150 best-known contemporaries

3,344 of the people we track were surely alive at the same time as E. E. Cummings. The 150 best known are listed here. See also everyone alive in 1928.

  1. Barack Obama born 1961
  2. Donald Trump born 1946
  3. Adolf Hitler 1889 – 1945
  4. Albert Einstein 1879 – 1955
  5. Michael Jackson 1958 – 2009
  6. Vladimir Putin born 1952
  7. Ronald Reagan 1911 – 2004
  8. Vladimir Lenin 1870 – 1924
  9. Nelson Mandela 1918 – 2013
  10. Mahatma Gandhi 1869 – 1948
  11. Leo Tolstoy 1828 – 1910
  12. George W. Bush born 1946
  13. Joseph Stalin 1878 – 1953
  14. Joe Biden born 1942
  15. Pablo Picasso 1881 – 1973
  16. Winston Churchill 1874 – 1965
  17. Charlie Chaplin 1889 – 1977
  18. Friedrich Nietzsche 1844 – 1900
  19. Elizabeth II 1926 – 2022
  20. Thomas Edison 1847 – 1931
  21. Sigmund Freud 1856 – 1939
  22. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk c. 1880 – 1938
  23. Mark Twain 1835 – 1910
  24. John F. Kennedy 1917 – 1963
  25. Marie Curie 1867 – 1934
  26. Martin Luther King Jr. 1929 – 1968
  27. Salvador Dalí 1904 – 1989
  28. Rabindranath Tagore 1861 – 1941
  29. Franklin D. Roosevelt 1882 – 1945
  30. Bill Gates born 1955
  31. Franz Kafka 1883 – 1924
  32. Anton Chekhov 1860 – 1904
  33. Marilyn Monroe 1926 – 1962
  34. Pope Francis 1936 – 2025
  35. Mao Zedong 1893 – 1976
  36. Steve Jobs 1955 – 2011
  37. Che Guevara 1928 – 1967
  38. Oscar Wilde 1854 – 1900
  39. Bill Clinton born 1946
  40. Charles de Gaulle 1890 – 1970
  41. Angela Merkel born 1954
  42. Otto von Bismarck 1815 – 1898
  43. Nikola Tesla 1856 – 1943
  44. Neil Armstrong 1930 – 2012
  45. Walt Disney 1901 – 1966
  46. François Hollande born 1954
  47. Elvis Presley 1935 – 1977
  48. Louis Pasteur 1822 – 1895
  49. George Orwell 1903 – 1950
  50. Pope John Paul II 1920 – 2005
  51. Ernest Hemingway 1899 – 1961
  52. Margaret Thatcher 1925 – 2013
  53. James Joyce 1882 – 1941
  54. Gabriel García Márquez 1927 – 2014
  55. Fidel Castro 1926 – 2016
  56. Yuri Gagarin 1934 – 1968
  57. J. R. R. Tolkien 1892 – 1973
  58. Albert Camus 1913 – 1960
  59. Marlene Dietrich 1901 – 1992
  60. Henry Ford 1863 – 1947
  61. Mikhail Gorbachev 1931 – 2022
  62. Benito Mussolini 1883 – 1945
  63. Jean-Paul Sartre 1905 – 1980
  64. Stephen Hawking 1942 – 2018
  65. Friedrich Engels 1820 – 1895
  66. Le Corbusier 1887 – 1965
  67. Frida Kahlo 1907 – 1954
  68. Mother Teresa 1910 – 1997
  69. Jimmy Carter 1924 – 2024
  70. Pope Benedict XVI 1927 – 2022
  71. Harry S. Truman 1884 – 1972
  72. Agatha Christie 1890 – 1976
  73. Hillary Clinton born 1947
  74. George H. W. Bush 1924 – 2018
  75. Sarah Bernhardt 1844 – 1923
  76. Jorge Luis Borges 1899 – 1986
  77. Nicolas Sarkozy born 1955
  78. Madonna born 1958
  79. Alfred Nobel 1833 – 1896
  80. Theodore Roosevelt 1858 – 1919
  81. Jawaharlal Nehru 1889 – 1964
  82. Marcel Proust 1871 – 1922
  83. Roald Amundsen 1872 – c. 1928
  84. Dwight D. Eisenhower 1890 – 1969
  85. Jules Verne 1828 – 1905
  86. Woodrow Wilson 1856 – 1924
  87. Rosa Luxemburg 1871 – 1919
  88. Alan Turing 1912 – 1954
  89. Richard Nixon 1913 – 1994
  90. Xi Jinping born 1953
  91. Rudyard Kipling 1865 – 1936
  92. Naruhito born 1960
  93. Alfred Hitchcock 1899 – 1980
  94. Noam Chomsky born 1928
  95. John Maynard Keynes 1883 – 1946
  96. Simone de Beauvoir 1908 – 1986
  97. Hugo Chávez 1954 – 2013
  98. George Bernard Shaw 1856 – 1950
  99. Bertrand Russell 1872 – 1970
  100. Niels Bohr 1885 – 1962
  101. Leon Trotsky 1879 – 1940
  102. John Lennon 1940 – 1980
  103. Bob Dylan born 1941
  104. Muammar Gaddafi 1942 – 2011
  105. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan born 1954
  106. Max Planck 1858 – 1947
  107. Arthur Conan Doyle 1859 – 1930
  108. Pelé 1940 – 2022
  109. Muhammad Ali 1942 – 2016
  110. Maxim Gorky 1868 – 1936
  111. Henri Matisse 1869 – 1954
  112. Giuseppe Verdi 1813 – 1901
  113. Dmitri Mendeleev 1834 – 1907
  114. Frank Lloyd Wright 1867 – 1959
  115. Louis Armstrong 1901 – 1971
  116. Andy Warhol 1928 – 1987
  117. Kofi Annan 1938 – 2018
  118. Charles III born 1948
  119. Osama bin Laden 1957 – 2011
  120. Queen Victoria 1819 – 1901
  121. Virginia Woolf 1882 – 1941
  122. Akira Kurosawa 1910 – 1998
  123. Lech Wałęsa born 1943
  124. Freddie Mercury 1946 – 1991
  125. Lyndon B. Johnson 1908 – 1973
  126. Gerald Ford 1913 – 2006
  127. Pope Leo XIV born 1955
  128. Diego Maradona 1960 – 2020
  129. Ernest Rutherford 1871 – 1937
  130. Narendra Modi born 1950
  131. Ludwig Wittgenstein 1889 – 1951
  132. Indira Gandhi 1917 – 1984
  133. Max Weber 1864 – 1920
  134. Huang Xianfan 1899 – 1982
  135. Benjamin Netanyahu born 1949
  136. Henrik Ibsen 1828 – 1906
  137. Enrico Fermi 1901 – 1954
  138. Naguib Mahfouz 1911 – 2006
  139. Saddam Hussein 1937 – 2006
  140. Aung San Suu Kyi born 1945
  141. Steven Spielberg born 1946
  142. Nikita Khrushchev 1894 – 1971
  143. Antoine de Saint-Exupéry 1900 – 1944
  144. Anne Frank 1929 – 1945
  145. H. G. Wells 1866 – 1946
  146. Helen Keller 1880 – 1968
  147. 14th Dalai Lama born 1935
  148. Pablo Neruda 1904 – 1973
  149. Rafael Orozco Maestre 1954 – 1992
  150. Émile Zola 1840 – 1902